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Trade and Industrial Policy for the Green Transition Monitor

Assessing how trade and industrial policy shape the green transition

This dashboard tracks how trade policy is shaping the global green transition. Its purpose is diagnostic: to assess the extent to which governments' trade and industrial policy choices support or undermine the shift away from fossil fuels. All indicators and visualisations are derived directly from GTA intervention records and CLAIRK's database of FTA environmental provisions.

Green Transition Policy Behaviour

This section tracks governments' support measures targeting green goods as defined in the methodology, identifying which countries are most actively backing the green transition through trade and industrial policy.

Net Policy Stance on Green Goods
Shows whether each jurisdiction has adopted more liberalising or more harmful trade interventions affecting green goods since 2020.
Year range
2020 – 2025
More harmful
More liberalising
No data
Growth of Green Industrial Policy
Shows the annual evolution of trade and industrial policy interventions affecting green goods, hydrogen, and strategic minerals.
Harmful
Liberalising
Growth of environmentally motivated trade policy
Shows how frequently governments cite climate or sustainability objectives when introducing trade policy interventions.
Policy motive composition for green goods
Shows how interventions affecting green goods are distributed across stated policy motives.
Top Implementers — Green Sector Support
Shows the jurisdictions that have adopted the largest number of support measures targeting green goods, hydrogen, and strategic minerals since 2020.
Top jurisdictions using environmental motives
Shows which jurisdictions most frequently justify trade interventions through climate or sustainability objectives.

Green Commitments

This section tracks trade agreements that incorporate environmental provisions and the expanding network of bilateral green commitments.

Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements
Shows which country pairs are covered by free trade agreements containing environmental provisions.
Agreements Tracked
Total number of FTAs where an environmental-related provision was found.
68
agreements
Geographical Breadth
Shows which countries are party to at least one FTA containing environmental provisions.
1
19

Fossil Fuel Persistence

This section examines the continued use of fossil fuel support policies alongside the global expansion of green industrial measures.

Active Fossil Fuel Subsidies
Shows the number of currently active subsidy measures supporting coal, oil, gas, and petrochemicals by implementing jurisdiction.
Fossil Fuel vs Green Subsidy Trends
Compares annual subsidy measures supporting fossil fuel sectors vs green goods, hydrogen, and strategic minerals.
Fossil fuels
Green goods & minerals
Security of supply framing of fossil fuel support
Shows how often fossil fuel subsidy measures are justified through security, resilience, or strategic competitiveness objectives.

Green Protectionism

This section explores the growing use of trade defence instruments and export restrictions linked to green goods and strategic minerals.

Leading Users of Trade Remedies on Green Goods
Shows the jurisdictions that have used trade remedy instruments most frequently on green goods since 2020.
Export Restrictions on Energy Transition Minerals
Shows the evolution of export controls affecting strategic minerals. Select a mineral below.
Security of supply framing in strategic mineral export restrictions
Share of export controls citing security. Based on 218 export controls since 2020.
29.4%
Harmful measures with environmental motives
Shows the share of environmentally motivated interventions that are classified as harmful.
43.2%
overall average share
Harmful environmentally justified measures by country
Shows where harmful trade interventions are most frequently justified using climate or sustainability motives.

Methodology

About the data

The dashboard combines static data on free trade agreements with dynamic intervention-level data from the GTA API.

All dynamic indicators include measures covering the product groups specified in the "Product groups" section. All product groups use the HS Nomenclature 2022 version at the 6-digit level.

For GTA-based indicators, the relevant records are filtered to interventions announced from 1 January 2020 onward. The GTA fields used are intervention ID, announcement date, implementing jurisdiction, GTA evaluation, intervention type, MAST chapter, affected jurisdiction, affected product, in-force status, and rationale.

Indicators

Green Transition Policy Behaviour

Net Policy Stance on Green Goods

For each implementing jurisdiction and year, the number of liberalising (green GTA evaluation) and harmful (red or amber) interventions on green goods are counted. Net = liberalising minus harmful. A positive value indicates more liberalising; a negative value the opposite.

Top Implementers — Green Sector Support

Counts qualifying green sector support measures since 2020 by implementing jurisdiction: harmful subsidies, liberalising import barrier measures, and liberalising export control measures on green goods, hydrogen, or strategic minerals.

Growth of Green Industrial Policy

Annual counts of interventions announced from 1 January 2020 onward affecting green goods, hydrogen, or strategic minerals, split by harmful vs liberalising.

Growth of environmentally motivated trade policy

Counts interventions citing "climate change mitigation" or "sustainability and circular economy" as stated motive, grouped by announcement year.

Policy motive composition for green goods

Shows how interventions on green goods HS codes are distributed across stated motive categories, including "no stated motive" for interventions without a relevant motive.

Top jurisdictions using environmental motives

Counts interventions per jurisdiction where the stated motive includes climate change mitigation and/or sustainability. Includes both harmful and liberalising interventions.

Green Commitments

Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements

Built using CLAIRK database data. Each observation identifies a free trade agreement, the partner countries covered, the agreement year, and whether it includes environmental commitments. The chord diagram shows country pairs covered by such agreements.

Agreements Tracked

Total number of distinct agreements in the CLAIRK database that contain environmental commitments.

Geographical Breadth

Countries are counted as covered if party to at least one qualifying agreement. For EU-level agreements, each EU member state receives the full EU count.

Fossil Fuel Persistence

Active Fossil Fuel Subsidies

Counts interventions announced from 2020 that affect coal, oil, gas, or petrochemical products, are classified as subsidies under MAST Chapter L, and are currently in force.

Fossil Fuel vs Green Subsidy Trends

Annual series of MAST Chapter L subsidy interventions for fossil fuels and for green goods/hydrogen/strategic minerals.

Security of supply framing of fossil fuel support

Share of fossil fuel subsidy measures citing "resilience/security of supply" and/or "strategic competitiveness" as stated motive, by year.

Green Protectionism

Leading Users of Trade Remedies on Green Goods

Counts anti-dumping, anti-subsidy, safeguard, and anti-circumvention interventions affecting green goods, by implementing jurisdiction.

Export Restrictions on Energy Transition Minerals

Counts export control interventions affecting lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper, graphite, and rare earths, by announcement year.

Harmful measures with environmental motives

Share of environmentally motivated interventions (citing climate change mitigation or sustainability) that carry a red or amber GTA evaluation.

Security of supply framing in strategic mineral export restrictions

Share of strategic mineral export controls citing "resilience/security of supply" out of all strategic mineral export controls since 2020.

Product groups

Green Goods

Batteries

850610, 850630, 850640, 850650, 850660, 850680, 850690, 850710, 850720, 850730, 850750, 850760, 850780, 850790

Solar Energy Products

392690, 700991, 700992, 730431, 730441, 730451, 730890, 850110, 850120, 850131, 850132, 850133, 850134, 850161–164, 850239, 850300, 850440, 854142, 854143…

Wind Energy Products

730820, 730890, 848210–280, 850161–164, 850231, 850421–434, 853710, 853720, 854442, 854449, 854460…

Other Green Goods

870380, 854142, 854143, 850231, 280410, 854330, 252100, 252220, 281610, 701990, 841410–490, 841780…

Strategic Minerals

Lithium

282520, 283691

Cobalt

260500, 282200, 810520, 810530, 810590

Nickel

260400, 282540, 720260, 750110–620

Graphite

250410, 250490

Rare Earths

280530, 284610, 284690

Copper

260300, 262030, 740100–741014

Fossil Fuels & Petrochemicals

Coal

270111, 270112, 270119, 270120, 270210, 270220, 270300, 270400

Oil & Gas

270900, 271012–020, 271111–129, 271210–290, 271311–390

Petrochemicals

290121–244, 290211–250, 390110–760, 400219–259…

Contact

For inquiries related to the scope and presentation of the contents of this dashboard, please get in touch.

anaelena.sancho@sgept.org